The Present and Future of Traditional Internal Combustion Engines

Now the hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles to flourish, and the state of the car emissions requirements more stringent conditions, the traditional internal combustion engine power system will be how to develop it?
The future development of the traditional power system, Dieter Tsai Che replied that the internal combustion engine will still be an important member of the future car power system. Because the Daimler Group plans to 2025, the overall sales of electric vehicles reached 15% to 25%, so by 2025 when there are still 75% to 85% of the models will use internal combustion engine. So the traditional internal combustion engine is still the mainstream.
The future of Daimler's internal combustion engine, towards the Turbocharger, modular production, attention to the direction of thermal efficiency. The resurrection inline 6-cylinder engine is an example. In the view of Dieter Tsai Che, cylinder direct injection + turbo + modularization is the future development trend of internal combustion engine.
The invention of the internal combustion engine originated in 1886, Karl Bentz and Gottlieb Daimler's invention. Has been 131 years of history. When Carl Bentz invented the internal combustion engine displacement 984cc, the maximum horsepower 0.7ps / 400rpm. 15km per hour can be exercised. With the passage of time, greater horsepower, faster speed, has become the goal of various manufacturers to develop internal combustion engine. So the engine displacement is growing, to 1910, the world's first breakthrough speed of 200km / h speed of the car, equipped with Mercedes-Benz is the development of the engine.
The reduction in engine displacement starts from the French GP tournament. The beginning is to improve the efficiency of the engine, then gradually become part of the rules of the game. Was first led by the French Peugeot racing, was equipped with a 7.6-liter displacement engine Peugeot in speed over 14.1 liters of displacement of Fiat.
But to say that the engine displacement reduction, have to say the United States. After Europe, the United States became a major producer of automobile production in the world and established a superpower status after World War II. In the oil crisis, Germany, Japan and other auto companies have introduced cheap, small cars into the US market.
In the process, there are security problems and environmental problems. In the safe recall, led by Ralph Nader, the earliest contributed to and improve the car recall system. At the environmental level, in 1970, the United States adopted a ban on decommissioning of internal combustion engine emissions. Internal combustion engine is facing a new transformation, followed by Honda will be introduced to meet the new emission regulations CVCC low pollution engine. And in the first generation of Civic, proud to write the CVCC letter on the hood.
In the process, there are security problems and environmental problems. In the safe recall, led by Ralph Nader, the earliest contributed to and improve the car recall system. At the environmental level, in 1970, the United States adopted a ban on decommissioning of internal combustion engine emissions. Internal combustion engine is facing a new transformation, followed by Honda will be introduced to meet the new emission regulations CVCC low pollution engine. And in the first generation of Civic, proud to write the CVCC letter on the hood.
Although the beginning of the 21st century, there have been direct injection of fuel into the cylinder direct injection technology, gasoline engines and diesel engines have made a good application. But the history of fuel injection device has been more than 100 years. In 1898, Germany DMF (Deutsch Motoren Fabrik) company began to study, in 1937, the aircraft used in the engine fuel injection system, so the technology used in the car, it took a long time.
The earliest in-cylinder direct injection engine is Bosch and Gutbrod joint research and development of the cylinder direct injection two-stroke gasoline engine, the maximum power of about 28 horsepower, the maximum torque of 58 Nm, mounted on the Guliath GP700 models.
Guliath GP700 for most people is the museum's cultural relics, or simply have not heard of. Then the Mercedes-Benz 300SL, which is now available in 1954, may be more representative, and it is also one of the early models equipped with a direct-injection gasoline engine. But was subject to technical restrictions, and not widely used and promoted.
Direct application of the direct injection system is popular from the public Audi. Called the FSI Turbocharger engine has now been widely used. Direct injection system and turbocharger system to achieve a small displacement, high power. Since 2007, most of the world's auto companies have adopted this approach.
Direct injection method because the cylinder knock stronger, is conducive to improving fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Followed by Volkswagen Blue Motion. BMW's Blue Efficiency, Mercedes-Benz Blue Tec, etc., European car manufacturers to direct injection to give a high expectations.
As the fuel direct injection and turbocharger use, the original need for 12-cylinder engine to the outbreak of power, and now eight cylinders is enough. Of course, in the super sports car and high-end brands still exist 12-cylinder engine. However, according to the market reaction, in the early 21st century, the US 8-cylinder car engine market share of 45%, now down to 15%. While the 4-cylinder car's share increased to 70%.
Reduce the displacement while enhancing the power, consumers can spend less than before the cost to enjoy the pleasure of the sports car. Even Ferrari is gradually using V-8-cylinder engine, and give up the continued use of V12 engine. The future of ultra-running era, V8 will become the mainstream.
However, direct injection engine also has its drawbacks. Injector direct injection system structure, the injector directly fixed to the cylinder fuel injection, although driven by high pressure pump, the fuel atomization capacity is better, but because the fuel directly into the high temperature state of the cylinder, leaving Fuel vaporization time is very short, which also for the discharge of more particles to create the conditions.
So the use of in-cylinder direct injection technology than the Exhaust Manifold jet engine emissions of particles to be higher concentration. In other words, the two cars of the same level, equipped with direct injection engine in the emission than the use of manifold jet engine emissions of more particles. Causing environmental pollution. So the Japanese brand development of direct injection engine is relatively late, and more focused on hybrid electric vehicle technology.

Volkswagen introduced the concept of modular platform in fact also involves the power system, the current well-known MQB module child platform although there are body manufacturing. However, in the field of powertrain, Volkswagen has a petrol engine MOB (modular gasoline engine system) platform and diesel engine MDB (modular diesel engine system) platform.
In the third generation of the public EA888 engine, the public uses a dual injection system, in short, when the low load conditions, the manifold nozzle in the cylinder intake stroke fuel injection, the mixture into the cylinder, and then with the compression stroke Cylinder injector fuel injection, in order to achieve stratified combustion; high load conditions, only in the compression stroke in-cylinder direct injection. In this way, not only can improve the efficiency of the engine, but also to avoid the above mentioned in the low load conditions due to excessive oxygen emissions caused by the problem.
But there are still media reports that the use of dual-jet third-generation EA888 engine still has nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are too high problems.
In fact, any host factory is not the perfect engine, but they have a more perfect engine, the new machines are to reduce fuel consumption, reduce emissions, improve durability and other aspects, in line with policies and regulations at the same time, also Throw consumers to enjoy the convenience of science and technology.